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71.
Wei-min Ye Zi-yuan Qi Bao Chen Ji Xie Yu Huang Yao-ru Lu Yu-Jun Cui 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(1):269-276
Karst rocky desertification is a process of land degradation involving serious soil erosion, extensive exposure of basement
rocks. It leads to drastic decrease in soil productivity and formation of a desert-like landscape. In this regard, changes
in climatic conditions are the main origin of the soils degradation. Indeed, soils subjected to successive dry/wet cycling
processes caused by climate change develop swelling and shrinkage deformations which can modify their water retention properties,
thus inducing the degradation of soil–water capacity. The ecological characteristics of cultivation soils in karst areas,
Southwest of China, are extremely easy to be affected by external environmental factors due to its shallow bedding and low
vegetation coverage. Based on the analysis of the climate (precipitation) of this region during the past decades, an experimental
study has been conducted on a cultivated soil obtained from the typical karst area in southwestern China. Firstly, the soil–water
properties have been investigated. The measured soil–water retention curve shows that the air-entry value of the soil is between
50 and 60 kPa, while the residual saturation is about 12%. Based on the experimental results, three identifiable stages of
de-saturation have been defined. Secondly, a special apparatus was developed to investigate the volume change behavior of
the soil with controlled suction cycles. The vapor equilibrium technique was used for the suction control. The obtained results
show that under the effect of dry/wet cycles, (1) the void ratio of the cultivated soil is continuously decreasing, leading
to a gradual soil compaction. (2) The permeability decreases, giving rise to a deterioration of water transfer ability as
well as a deterioration of soil–water retention capacity. It is then obvious that the long-term dry/wet cycling process caused
by the climate change induce a continuously compaction and degradation of the cultivated soil in karst rocky desertification
areas. 相似文献
72.
Siyuan Ye Edward A. Laws Xigui Ding Hongming Yuan Guangming Zhao Jin Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(6):1641-1646
Samples of porewater and the edible tissue of mottled clams, Ruditapes variegatus, were collected simultaneously at each of 12 stations from Jiaozhou Bay near Qingdao, China, in June of 2003. Chemical analysis
focused on trace metals and major elements. Porewater concentrations of Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn were distributed in a bimodal fashion
among the 12 stations, with mean concentrations at six of the stations being 8–32 times mean values at the other six stations.
The concentrations of the same metals in clams were remarkably similar among stations, the coefficients of variation being
only 12–37%. Calculations performed with the computer program PHREEQC indicated that Pb and Cr in porewater were present only
in the +2 and +3 states, respectively, and because dissolved Cd and Zn exist only in the +2 state, the bimodal distribution
of these four metals likely reflects secondary effects associated with their scavenging by Fe and/or Mn under oxidizing conditions
and subsequent dissolution in the reducing environment of the porewaters. Consistent with this hypothesis is the fact that
the distribution of high and low metal concentrations was closely correlated with the granularity of the sediment, with lower
metal concentrations associated with relatively coarse sediment. Comparison of published biological concentration factors
with the ratios of metal concentrations in the clams to porewater metal concentrations indicated that the porewaters were
not the primary sources of the metals in the clams. Mixing processes in the bay likely account for the rather uniform concentrations
of metals in clam tissue. 相似文献
73.
Characteristics of winter mass balance of Glacier No.1 at the headwaters of the Urumqi River,Tianshan Mountains 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This study analyzes the response of glacier to climate change during the past 49 years in Urumqi River source region, the
Tianshan Mountains of China. The temporal and spatial variations of winter mass balance (bn-w) at different time scales were
analyzed to identify their response to climate change during 1988–2006 (The observation of winter mass balance observation
began in 1988) on the Glacier No.1 at the headwaters of the Urumqi River, Tianshan Mountains, China. The winter accumulation
shows a significantly decreasing trend. The results show that the cumulative values on Glacier No.1 is 2,202 mm water equivalent
during 1988–2006 and the mean values is 116 mm a−1. Furthermore, the trend analysis of the winter mass balance indicates a rapid decrease since 1990, and the mean mass balance
is only 79 mm a−1 during 1997–2006. Winter mass balance correlates well negatively with the total evaporation from September to April (r = −0.68, α = 0.01), and positively with the total precipitation from September to April (r = 0.74, α = 0.01). However, winter mass balance shows a weak correlation with mean minimum air temperature during September
to April (r = −0.35), and runoff on September (r = −0.13). 相似文献
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76.
Stock discrimination of spottedtail goby (Synechogobius ommaturus) in the Yellow Sea by analysis of otolith shape 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Otolith shape is species specific and is an ideal marker of fish population affiliation. In this study, otolith shape of spottedtail goby Synechogobius ommaturus is used to identify stocks in different spawning locations in the Yellow Sea. The main objectives of this study are to explore the potential existence of local stocks of spottedtail goby in the Yellow Sea by analysis of otolith shape, and to investigate ambient impacts on otolith shape. Spottedtail goby was sampled in five locations in the Yellow Sea in 2007 and 2008. Otoliths are described using variables correlated to size (otolith area, perimeter, length, width, and weight) and shape (rectangularity, circularity, and 20 Fourier harmonics). Only standardized otolith variables are used so that the effect of otolith size on the shape variables could be eliminated. There is no significant difference among variables of sex, year, and side (left and right). However, the otolith shapes of the spring stocks and the autumn stocks differ significantly. Otolith shape differences are greater among locations than between years. Correct classification rate of spottedtail goby with the otolith shape at different sampling locations range from 29.7%–77.4%. 相似文献
77.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination of topsoil in Benxi City, Northeast China was investigated in this study,
and sampling sites were located in industrial area and residential area. Results demonstrate that there is high variability
in the total PAHs concentrations, ranging from 783.00 ng/g to 729 076.29 ng/g dry weight in the topsoil of Benxi City and
the pollution in industrial area is the most serious. The results also present that higher molecular weight PAHs (4–6 rings)
contribute substantially (79.03%) to the overall content of PAHs. The PAHs sources were determined with factor analysis by
nonnegative constraints, and the results show that PAHs originating from traffic tunnel, power plant, coke oven and residential
emission sources, account for 27.10%, 40.81%, 20.11% and 11.98%, respectively, of the total. The PAHs pollution is the most
serious around Benxi Iron and Steel Group Corporation, and the PAHs mainly originate from coke oven and traffic tunnel, with
the average contribution rate of 57.40% and 42.60%, respectively. The source apportionment results are basically consistent
with the industry distribution, and the geographical and climatic characteristics of the study area. 相似文献
78.
This study explores the potential existence of local stocks of Synechogobius ommaturus using otolith chemical signatures. The concentrations of 10 elements (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Sr, Pb, Ba, Mn, Co, Zn) in the otoliths from eight stocks (Dandong, Dalian, Tianjin, Dongying, Weihai, Qingdao, Ganyu and Xiamen) of S. ommaturus were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and regressed against otolith weight. No significant correlation between otolith weight and concentrations of Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, Co, Ba, Zn and Pb were observed. Concentrations of K and Mn were correlated with otolith weight. Consequently, the residuals of the regressions were used instead of the original concentrations in subsequent analyses. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant difference between males and females in otolith chemical signatures. Differences were found among the locations for K, Sr, Mn, Co, Ba, Pb, but not for Ca, Na, Mg and Zn. Residuals of the regressions of elemental concentrations against otolith weight that fitted the normal distribution and homogeneity were studied by discriminant analysis. The success of the discriminant function to predict the location of S. ommaturus capture ranged from 100% for Weihai and Xiamen stocks, to only 44.4% and 62.5% for Qingdao and Dandong stocks, respectively. The average prediction success was 80.3%. 相似文献
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